mac-water-technologies

Kansas Department Of Commerce Spotlight

Wed, 29 Nov 2023 18:11:34 GMT

Recently, MAC Water had a visit from the Kansas Department of Commerce so they could explore our facilities and see what we do here firsthand. They also gave us a business spotlight post on social media which we really appreciate.

MAC Water is proud to be a Kansas-based company and it was great to receive support from such an esteemed organization. Setting up our operations here has still allowed us to work internationally and provide clean water solutions all over.

Fun Facts About MAC Water

We have consulted with executive legislators and leaders in more than 20 countries!

Everyone deserves to have access to clean water and proper municipal water solutions in their community to live. While we are made in Kansas, MAC Water works all over the globe and looks forward to reaching even more places in the world.

One of our products in particular, the Aquadrop , can provide clean water from any fresh water supply, such as a lake, river, or well. The unit then produces disinfected drinking water using naturally produced power. Our Aquadrop units can run on various power sources, whether it be solar, wind, man-powered turbine, back-up generator, or back-up electric grid. We can also easily add desalination abilities to any unit.

Our combined domestic and international sales have grown by 330% in the last year!

We are very excited about our growth this past year! It helps to be based in a community as supportive as the one in Kansas City. Our local work has helped open up many doors and opportunities for us around the country and globally.

We also appreciate the love from organizations like the Kansas Department of Commerce and our digital marketing team at Tekkii , another business from the Kansas City area.

Our office dog is named Rocko! His official title with the company is Cleanup Specialist.

While Rocko's duties as Cleanup Specialist at MAC Water vary, he's exceptional at cleaning up his food bowl or anything left behind in the breakroom. Rocko is also a great listener during our whiteboarding and planning sessions.

Interested In Working With MAC Water?

If you are looking for improved water treatment solutions for your facility, don't hesitate to give us a call! MAC Water is able to provide a variety of services and products, such as Wastewater Treatment , Chemical Services , Boiler Water Treatment , Maintenance and Repairs , and more!

You can view our selection of products here .

Contact Mac Water Technologies today to get your start at better water treatment.

What Causes High BOD in Wastewater?

Mon, 28 Aug 2023 18:24:14 GMT

A quick answer is petroleum or chemical based waste has a very high Oxygen demand. In order to help you determine what is causing your high BOD levels one must understand what BOD is.

Understanding BOD

BOD stands for Biological (or Biochemical) Oxygen Demand which erves as an indicator of the amount of organic pollution present in water. It quantifies the oxygen required by microorganisms to biologically degrade organic matter. Monitoring BOD is crucial because it helps us assess the health of water bodies, detect pollution sources, and make informed decisions about wastewater treatment.

There is also the term COD, or Chemical Oxygen Demand .

Another way to look at it, is that COD is the measure of everything that can be broken down using Oxygen by aerobic digestion. Whereas BOD is the organics that can be broken down with Oxygen by aerobic digestion.

Factors Influencing High BOD Levels

Several factors contribute to elevated BOD levels in wastewater, each playing a role in the degradation of water quality:

Organic Matter Input

Organic matter originates from various sources, including human waste, food, and vegetation. When excessive organic matter enters water bodies through sewage, stormwater runoff, or agricultural discharges, microbial decomposition ramps up. This heightened microbial activity results in higher BOD levels as microorganisms consume oxygen while breaking down organic compounds.

Lack of Adequate Treatment

Inadequate wastewater treatment processes can be a significant factor in driving up BOD levels. When wastewater is not properly treated to remove organic matter, it gets released into water bodies with high BOD concentrations. This, in turn, leads to oxygen depletion in the receiving waters as microorganisms utilize oxygen to break down the excess organic material.

Nutrient Concentrations

Elevated nutrient levels, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, can intensify BOD pollution. These nutrients promote the growth of microorganisms that accelerate the decomposition of organic matter. The increased microbial activity results in a greater demand for oxygen, further contributing to oxygen depletion in water bodies.

Temperature Effects

Temperature plays a crucial role in microbial activity and the rate of organic matter decomposition. Warmer temperatures enhance the metabolic processes of microorganisms, causing them to consume oxygen at a faster rate. Consequently, higher temperatures lead to increased BOD levels in wastewater.

Common Sources of High BOD in Wastewater

The consequences of high BOD levels extend beyond the immediate pollution of water bodies.

Oxygen Depletion

As microorganisms consume oxygen during organic matter decomposition, the available oxygen in water bodies diminishes. This leads to oxygen depletion, which can harm aquatic organisms and ecosystems that depend on sufficient oxygen levels.

Harm to Aquatic Life

Low oxygen levels resulting from high BOD can suffocate fish and other aquatic organisms. Oxygen-deprived conditions disrupt the natural balance of aquatic ecosystems, leading to fish kills and reduced biodiversity.

Eutrophication

High BOD is often linked to nutrient pollution, which can trigger eutrophication . Nutrient-rich waters stimulate excessive plant growth, leading to algal blooms. As algae die and decompose, oxygen depletion intensifies, further exacerbating the BOD problem.

Conclusion

Where a company like MAC Water Technologies can REALLY help you is determining if another process can reduce COD or BOD faster, and in a more economical way than aerobic digestion.

Many times, the high operating costs associated with aerobic digestion can easily be reduced. Then you can polish the wastewater using aerobic digestion instead of having aerobic digestion be the primary removal method.

Contact us today for more information on how we can provide you with top-line wastewater treatment solutions.

Does Reverse Osmosis Remove Chlorine?

Mon, 31 Jul 2023 17:06:40 GMT

“No, but yes,” is the terrible answer to this question!

Reverse Osmosis by itself does not remove Chlorine. However, if Chlorine is not removed BEFORE the reverse osmosis membrane filter the Chlorine will eat the membrane filter very quickly. Because of this, 99% of the time, Chlorine is removed BEFORE the reverse osmosis system.

There is a unique, and very expensive, membrane filter called CA, or Cellulous Acetate. This CA

membrane is Chlorine tolerant and does not remove Chlorine.

To better understand the reverse osmosis process and its relationship to chlorine, read on below.

Understanding Reverse Osmosis

Reverse osmosis is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove a wide range of contaminants from water. The membrane allows only water molecules to pass through, while blocking larger molecules and impurities. This process effectively removes particles, ions, and dissolved substances, resulting in clean and pure drinking water.

The efficiency of chlorine removal by reverse osmosis can be influenced by several factors. Water temperature plays a role, as higher temperatures can improve the removal rate. The concentration of chlorine in the source water also matters; higher concentrations may require more time for effective removal.

Additionally, the condition of the reverse osmosis membrane is crucial. Regular maintenance and replacement ensure optimal performance.

While reverse osmosis can be an effective method in the chlorine removal process, it's important to note its limitations. Variations in removal efficiency can occur due to factors like water temperature and chlorine concentration. It's also crucial to recognize that reverse osmosis may not remove all contaminants present in water. Therefore, it's wise to consider complementary water treatment methods to ensure comprehensive purification.

Call MAC Water For Filtration Services & Membranes

Reverse Osmosis is a very beneficial process, but other complementary water treatments will help you yield more optimal results.

For help in selecting or replacing your membrane filters please call MAC Water Technologies , we ship internationally!

What is Defoamer used for and how does it Work?

Mon, 26 Jun 2023 18:38:40 GMT

Foam can be a pesky problem in wastewater treatment, causing operational inefficiencies, equipment damage, and compliance issues. If you've ever wondered what defoamers are and why they are used, you've come to the right place. Our team at MAC Water has been receiving a lot of questions lately about defoamers and want to shed some light on when using a defoamer may be necessary and how defoamers work.

Understanding the Challenges of Foam in Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater treatment plants often encounter foam due to a variety of factors, such as the presence of surfactants , organic matter, or agitation in the treatment process. Foam not only hinders the smooth operation of equipment but also reduces the effective capacity of treatment units. Excessive foam can overflow from tanks, interfere with the separation of solids and liquids, and cause disruptions throughout the treatment system.

Foam can create difficulties in clarifiers, aeration tanks, and even in final effluent discharge. It can impair the accuracy of level measurements, lead to inconsistent chemical dosing, and compromise the efficiency of biological processes. Other issues include:

Pumps can lose prime
Cause cavitation in pumps
Cause sensors to not read correctly
Make a HUGE mess by foaming over tanks and basins
Cause odor
Cause solids to float

How Do Defoamers Work?

Defoamers, as the name suggests, are chemicals designed to eliminate or prevent foam formation. They are formulated to break down foam bubbles and reduce surface tension, ultimately suppressing foam formation and allowing for smoother operation in water treatment systems.

Defoamers work by either destabilizing foam bubbles, preventing their formation, or collapsing existing foam. They contain active ingredients that have defoaming properties, such as silicone compounds or mineral oils. When added to the foam-affected area, defoamers quickly spread over the surface, disrupting the foam structure and causing the bubbles to burst.

There are many different types of defoamers out there, but the two main types we use at MAC Water are:

Silicone based defoamer s for cooling systems and general applications.
Polyglycol high temperature defoamers for boilers.

It's important to note that defoamers are typically designed to work on specific types of foam. Factors such as pH, temperature, and chemical composition can influence the effectiveness of a defoamer. Therefore, it is crucial to select the appropriate defoamer that matches the specific foam-related challenges in your treatment processes.

Common Applications of Defoamers

Defoamers find extensive use in a wide range of industries and processes where foam control is essential:

Wastewater Treatment Plants

One of the primary applications of defoamers is in wastewater treatment plants. These facilities often encounter foam in various treatment stages, including aeration tanks, clarifiers, and sludge processing units.

Industrial Processes

Defoamers are widely used in various industrial processes where foam can hinder productivity and compromise product quality. Industries such as chemical manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and oil refining often rely on defoamers to control foam formation.

Food and Beverage Production

In the food and beverage industry, foam can be a common occurrence during various production processes, such as fermentation, mixing, and bottling.

Paper and Pulp Industry

Foam is a significant concern in the paper and pulp industry, where it can interfere with the efficiency of pulping, paper machine operations, and wastewater treatment associated with these processes.

Cooling Towers

Cooling towers are essential in many industries for heat dissipation and maintaining optimal process temperatures. However, the recirculating water in cooling towers is prone to foaming, which can impair heat transfer and reduce cooling efficiency.

Need Help With Your Defoaming Process?

If you should need assistance in determining what defoamer is right for you please contact us . Our team of engineers is here to help guide you through the wild world of defoamers. Remember, a little goes a long way with chemical defoamers !

Understanding Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Digestion Wastewater Treatment

Mon, 29 May 2023 16:14:29 GMT

As we strive to minimize the impact of human activities on our ecosystems, effective wastewater treatment methods have gained considerable attention. Among these methods, aerobic and anaerobic digestion stand out as two prominent approaches.

In the realm of wastewater treatment, aerobic and anaerobic digestion techniques play distinctive roles in breaking down organic matter and reducing contaminants. While both processes share the common goal of treating wastewater, they differ significantly in their mechanisms, outcomes, and applications.

Read on to learn more about the differences between aerobic and anaerobic digestion as we elaborate on the principles and differences of each method.

So, What's The Difference?

Aerobic wants air in the process whereas anaerobic wants NO air in the process.

Different bacteria and enzymes eat waste differently. Depending on what waste you’re treating will depend on which type of bacteria and/or enzyme is needed. This article assumes the decision has been made between wanting aerobic or anaerobic treatment.

AEROBIC

Traditional aerobic treatment is air blowers pushing air through fine bubble diffusers that are on the bottom of tanks so the air is then dissolved into the water.

The amount of air needed is calculated by the BOD and COD in the wastewater, the water depth, temperature, air bubble size, atmospheric pressure, contact time, and many K-value assumptions. This is where experience and engineering knowledge can be a great asset.

Design Note: Air blowers are inefficient, expensive, and require maintenance. Fine bubble diffusers get clogged and have a limited-service life so they need replacement. The most efficient design, if applicable, is using water pumps to recirculate the water with air venturis. As a kid, if you blow air across a drinking straw, the cola in the cup goes up the straw. We use Mother Nature, instead of horsepower, to aerobically treat wastewater.

ANAEROBIC

Typically called anaerobic digestion. Tall, enclosed tanks are used to keep air out of the water. Anaerobic bacteria and enzymes essentially eat the waste and off-gases Bio-Gas. Environmental regulations often require burning this Bio-Gas as it is bad for the environment. Sounds easy doesn’t it!

Design Note: Strategies to capture the Bio-Gas to be re-used as fuel to create power have become very cost-effective. If your facility is burning off Bio-Gas PLEASE allow MAC Water Technologies to show you how you can make money off this waste product.

NEED MORE HELP?

Contact MAC Water Technologies for design/build, service, upgrades, and integration needs. You can get in touch with one of our engineers at info@macwatertech.com or 913-375-3483 .

What Is Sludge Dewatering?

Mon, 24 Apr 2023 22:19:08 GMT

In wastewater treatment, the management of sludge is a critical aspect that often involves the dewatering process. This process holds significant importance in reducing sludge volume, simplifying disposal, and minimizing environmental impact.

Sludge can basically be defined as a mud-like mixture of water and solids that can be created during industrial applications. Sludge can simply be solids in the bottom of a cooling basin, to something as complicated as using chemistry to turn dissolved solids into sediment, and then sediment into larger particles that drop to the bottom of a tank, essentially reducing Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) when treating industrial wastewater.

This sludge then needs to be removed from the system and disposed of. Waste haulers typically charge by weight. Therefore, the more water is removed from the sludge, the cheaper it is to haul off the sludge for disposal.

At MAC Water we use specific chemicals called coagulants and flocculants, which is the science behind our MACU-Flocc industrial waster systems.

Understanding The Sludge Dewatering Process

In wastewater treatment, one of the crucial steps in handling sludge is the dewatering process . Sludge dewatering refers to the process of removing moisture from sludge, creating a more concentrated waste product. This is a crucial process that helps reduce the volume of sludge.

Let's look at some common applications of sludge dewatering:

Municipal Wastewater Treatment: Dewatered sludge is more stable and less odorous, making it easier to handle and dispose of in an environmentally responsible manner. It can be utilized for agricultural purposes, composting, or sent to landfills with reduced environmental impact.
Industrial Processes: By removing moisture, sludge dewatering improves the overall efficiency of downstream processes, such as incineration or anaerobic digestion. It allows for better utilization of resources and reduces energy consumption.
Biogas Production: Sludge dewatering contributes to environmental sustainability by minimizing the release of harmful substances into the environment. It helps prevent the contamination of water bodies and reduces the carbon footprint associated with sludge management.

Common Dewatering Equipment

All options depend on up-front capital availability, sludge volume, and operator’s ability. Let's take a closer look at few common pieces of dewatering equipment:

Filter Press

For smaller applications, the traditional approach is a filter press. Plates are pressed together and the dirty water is then pumped into the plates. As the plates get full of sludge, the inlet water pressure is what pushes the water from the sludge. The filter press is full when no more water can be pumped into the filter press. An operator then removes each plate and physically removes the dry sludge into a bin for disposal.

The disadvantages of filter presses are they are expensive, they require the inlet dirty water to be highly fluid or low percent solids, and an operator is required.

Belt Press

Belt presses are commonly used. However, we don't typically recommend them because they require a lot of maintenance. Essentially, solids are placed on belts that constantly turn and compact sludge together. Belt presses are expensive and require lots of maintenance.

Screw Press

Essentially, a screw surrounded by a screen turns and the solids remain in the screw slots that are then compacted (the sludge gets pushed by the screw). This equipment typically uses gravity to dewater. At the end of the screw, the dry sludge fall sin to a disposal drum. The picture in the example is a Russel Finex Liquid Solid Separator.

Advantages of this are there are few moving parts, the equipment is smaller, and an operator is not required all the time.

Automatic Strainer

There are SEVERAL types of auto strainers . The type preferred for sludge dewatering is one where there is a strainer is stationary and a wiper rotates around the strainer. The solids collect on the strainer and the wiper pushes the sludge to the bottom of the strainer cavity while keeping the strainer clean. The width of the strainer cavity can be adjusted to the volume and type of solids in the sludge. The example shown is a Spence Strainer and you can see the motor on top that rotates the wiper. A pneumatic dump valve is opened when there is enough sludge and the water pressure pushes the thick sludge into a disposal bin.

The advantages of this are it is typically less expensive, has only one moving part, and the largest one made can only handle ~100 GPM of sludge production.

Dewatering Bags

Sludge is pumped into a dewatering bag and the water seeps through the bag. This piece of equipment can be used in conjunction with all of the above methods. Dewatering bags are easy to operate and very effective.

Need More Help? Contact MAC Water!

There are so many options and approaches for sludge dewatering it can be confusing. Sometimes it reminds me of the first time I had to buy my own toothpaste and shampoo when I went out on my own. There’s hundreds of choices and a ton of marketing to cypher through. MAC Water Technologies has agreements with competing manufactures which allows us to be non-biased to help our clients make educated decisions. You can get in touch with one of our engineers at info@macwatertech.com or 913-375-3483 .

What are the Advantages of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment

Mon, 27 Mar 2023 19:36:44 GMT

As the world continues to change and evolve, finding more sustainable solutions to combat environmental challenges has become the focus of many industries.

One such approach to combating these sustainability challenges in the water industry is decentralized wastewater treatment . This approach to wastewater treatment helps eliminate the need for extensive infrastructure and reduces the strain on current centralized systems.

In this blog post, we will take a look at the differences between centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment solutions, while specifically focusing on the advantages that come with a decentralized system.

What is Decentralized Wastewater Treatment?

Traditional municipal sewage wastewater treatment in the United States is to build one large wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). If you had a neighborhood that would eventually build and grow to 1,000 homes and 100 businesses, for example, a large WWTP to accommodate that full amount would be financed and built prior to the neighborhood being started.

Decentralized wastewater treatment is building multiple smaller WWTPs that are working together.

From the above example, we would build say a WWTP that can accommodate 100 homes and 10 businesses. Then after they were built another WWPT would be integrated together to support the next 100 homes and 10 businesses. The process would continue as large as needed. This is decentralized wastewater treatment.

Another example, and more common because of budget restraints, is a WWTP that was designed for 1,000 homes and 100 business is supporting 1,200 homes and 120 businesses and is operating poorly over capacity. Over capacity is expensive to operate, hard on equipment, and many times produces discharge water at lower quality that is damaging the environment and hazardous to the people living in the neighborhood. Adding decentralized WWTP solutions to take the extra load off the main WWTP is by far less expensive than building a larger WWTP and shutting the older and smaller WWTP down. Another advantage is adding a decentralized WWTP to a an existing WWTP is no shutdown is required.

Advantages the Decentralized Waste Water Treatment Plants

Significantly less initial Capital is Needed: You no longer have to get tax money or large long-term investments available for a single larger WWTP. As the neighborhood grows, and begins creating capital, commonly the next phase of decentralized WWTP is already being funded.

Easier to Operate: Smaller WWTPs have far less maintenance and operating requirements than single larger WWTPs.

Built-In Redundancy: When one decentralized WWTP needs to be shut down for maintenance, the others can temporarily pick up the extra capacity. There is no longer a concern about unscheduled maintenance.

Utility Planning: Decentralized WWTPs do not need to be tied together. Cities can design to have a few up North, a few in the South, a few in the West, and a few in the East, for example. This makes it very easy to grow a community as city engineers change jobs and priorities change.

This approach offers many benefits, from cost-effectiveness, promoting environmental stewardship, and can help create a more efficient utility structure for communities.

Contact MAC Water For Decentralized Waste Water Treatment Solutions

If you have any other questions regarding decentralized WWTP, or our MACU-Cleanse, we are happy to help anywhere in the world. Our MAC Water Technologies products and solutions have been used all over the globe.

Contact us today for more information on how we can improve your current wastewater treatment system or if you're curious about decentralized wastewater treatment solutions.

Understanding Granular Activated Carbon Water Filters

Mon, 27 Feb 2023 17:11:23 GMT

MAC Water Technologies uses carbon filtration for MANY applications. Our standard MACU-Clean carbon systems for Chlorine and Chloramine removal use Coconut Grade Carbon at a 5-minute contact time. Our AquaDrop technology uses High Catalytic carbon for groundwater pesticides, VOC, certain organics, and other high catalytic removal needs at a longer contact time.

For food and beverages we use other types of carbon at different contact times to create a color or flavor profile our customers are looking for. It is very understandable why we receive so many questions about carbon. This blog discusses the basics with the help of our friends at Liberty Carbon.

What Is Activated Carbon?

Granular Activated Carbon (also known as Activated Charcoal, GAC, PAC or Vapor depending on its application) is not to be confused with Carbon Black. Activated Carbon (AC) is a very simple yet very technical product that can be used for water filtration. It is commonly used for removing contaminants from a source stream (liquid or air) through a process known as adsorption.

Merriam Webster says Adsorption means "the adhesion in an extremely thin layer of molecules (as of gases, solutes, or liquids) to the surfaces of solid bodies or liquids with which they are in contact." Activated Carbon is created typically by steam activation or acid washing. Most of what we use is steam activated because acid washing requires our customers to flush the carbon before using. The steam or acid creates or opens a pore structure inside the carbon particle and thus creating a pathway for the source stream to travel and the contaminants to be adsorbed onto.

In a quality activated carbon product the volume inside the pore structure is enormous. You would never know it by looking at a small pile of carbon particles but 3 grams of AC can have enough pore volume (or surface area) to cover a football field. All that surface area is what makes AC such a great filtering media.

What Is Activated Carbon Made Of?

Activated carbon is typically made from Coconut Shell, Select Grades of Coal or Wood Based Materials. Coal based carbon is made from bituminous or sub-bituminous coal which can either be direct activated or re-agglomerated. Re-agglomerated is far superior for reactivation purposes whereas direct activated carbon is typically disposed of after use.

In addition, AC is also made from coconut shell or wood based materials like walnut or hard wood. Coconut shell AC is a very good quality product and can be reactivated as well. A vast majority of our Chlorine and Chloramine removal uses Coconut grade carbon, especially before reverse osmosis systems, and we keep our prices down by purchasing in bulk.

AC is evaluated on several properties that determine it's quality. First is what is called the Iodine Number which equates to the adsorption capacity of the carbon meaning how much contaminants or organics that the carbon will adsorb or, sequester inside the pore structure before the carbon is depleted or "spent."

Different carbon base materials are better suited for different applications. Coal based AC has more Macro and Meso-pores which lend itself to larger organic compounds whereas coconut AC has more Micro pores which work better for smaller organic compounds, again making it the preferred carbon for reverse osmosis pretreatment.

Adsorption Rate

Activated carbon can usually adsorb between 10-20% of its beginning dry weight in contaminants or organics. This means that 100 dry pounds of good AC should remove approximately 10 to 20 pounds of contaminants before it is spent or exhausted. It is important to note here that some things are easier to remove with carbon than others. Some things will be removed faster and in higher concentrations than others. This is all dependent on what you are filtering and is one of the areas that can become very technical; please allow the engineers at MAC Water Technologies to help in your selection.

Hardness Number

Another important property of AC is the "Hardness Number," which is a measure of how well the carbon will hold up (or not become smaller particles) under transfers, backwashing, reactivation or other handling. The higher the hardness number, the less likely the AC is to degrade in size. Coconut and re-agglomerated carbons both have high hardness numbers and direct activated coal carbon and wood-based carbons are softer and thus have lower hardness values.

Vapor Phase Carbon is typically specified by what is called the CTC number, not iodine, and that is a whole different discussion.

Particle Size

Particle size is another important aspect of carbon selection. In a liquid phase application, the most common sizes are what we call 8x30 or 12x40 mesh which allows the particles to interlock as the liquid flows through the carbon bed and forces the liquid to come into contact with all those pores mentioned earlier.

You want to have the right particle size to accommodate the proper flow rate and contact time for the fluid you are treating. There are other sieve sizes for AC that may be the right fit depending on the specifics for each application.

Reactivation

In certain circumstances, spent carbon can be reactivated under an oxygen deficient process that will volatize the organics or contaminants that are bound up in the pore structure of the carbon and then those contaminants are thermally destroyed. When done properly, the contaminants are removed without consuming or burning up the carbon particle which opens up the pore structure again and the carbon can then be re-used.

We do this on a closed loop cycle where specific customers only get back their sourced material or, we can also supply what

we call "pooled" react which is carbon that has come from various sources without segregation and reactivated in a pool fashion. This is typical with industrial grades of carbon.

Call MAC Water Technologies to Maximize your Water Filtration Solutions

We know that is probably way more than you ever wanted to know about granular activated carbon, but even when keeping it simple, it's clear how important it is to understand the way activated carbon works. There is a lot that goes into the proper product selection, but the uses are as broad as the variances.

For more information on our water filtration tech and products, contact MAC Water today ! We're happy to walk you through all of our available solutions to find the one that best fits your needs.

Get Familiar with our MACU-Trac Cooling Tower Chemical Controller

Mon, 30 Jan 2023 16:18:49 GMT

The MACU-Trac cooling tower chemical control system automatically adjusts the corrosion inhibitor and oxidizing biocide to ensure the chemical’s are 100% correct at all times.

Traditional chemical controllers operate on timers. The technician who sets up these controllers assumes what the feed make-up water’s flow rate and chemistry is. With that information, the entire chemical strategy is programmed into the chemical controller plus a margin of error. Therefore, at best, the tower is taking more chemicals than needed.

The problem is the feed make-up water’s chemistry changes per season, if anything mechanical changes in the system (like a leaking blow-down valve or system maintenance), a system cleaning, or numerous other issues that are normal to happen, the chemistry is off causing damage, wasting chemicals, and cost money.

WHERE THE TECHNOLOGY CAME FROM

Nalco is a very large chemical company. One of the reasons why they grew so big is because they were the first to come up with this technology. Throughout the years, their utility patent would expire and they would change something to keep the patent. This is why their automatic systems, that do the same thing as the MACU-Trac are very large, expensive, and complicated.

MAC Water Technologies replaced this complicated system with just three probes and a small basic controller.

MACU-Trac’s three probes are:

TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) – similar to everyone else’s.
MACU-Trac probe – measures the inhibitor.
ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential) – measures the oxidizing biocide; Chlorine for example.

The MACU-trac uses the three above probes to automatically adjust the chemical pumps to maintain the exact, not more and not less , chemical dosing needed for the most economical asset protection available on the market.

WHEN TO BE CAUTIOUS

If the contract with your chemical provider is a set price, be very cautious and spot check the monthly reports every season.

In the Spring, pollen and other dirt is high in the air causing the need for more biocide.

In the summer, the TDS of the water increases causing the need for more inhibitor.

In the Fall, the pollen and other dirt is high in the air causing the need for more biocide plus the TDS of the water increases causing the need for more inhibitor.

In the winter, the water table is typically at its lowest causing the TDS to be high causing the need for more inhibitor plus there’s little pollen and dirt in the air causing the biocide to be too high which will corrode the pipes and heat exchangers.

If your contract with your chemical provider is a fixed price, be VERY cautious towards the end of their contract because they will back off the chemical dose if they run out of profit. This is the number 1 reason why we get hired to replace chemical contracts.

Why The MACU-Trac Stands Out

The MACU-Trac ensures the chemicals are 100% correct at all times. This system has an aggressive return-on-investment because no chemicals are wasted and the equipment is properly protected. The engineering specification section is 232500 HVAC Water Treatment – Cooling Towers.

Need More Help? Contact Mac Water Technologies!

Consulting service by the engineers at MAC Water Technologies can help save you both time and money. Our proven technologies and professional technicians can provide the answers and solutions you're looking for when it comes to water management. Call us today for more information!

When to Upgrade Your RO System’s Pump to a Torpedo Pump

Mon, 26 Dec 2022 18:00:03 GMT

One of the pumping systems we often use when manufacturing our larger Reverse Osmosis (RO) MACU-Pure systems is a Torpedo Pump.

The Torpedo Pump typically costs 10-15% more than a vertical stack pump yet there are thousands of Torpedo Pumps in service. Why would one ever want to pay more for this pump? It's because in the end there are SEVERAL advantages to this pump over a vertical pump and it all comes down to reliability and lower operating costs in the long-run.

Why Upgrade to a Torpedo Pump

RELIABILITY

To start, Torpedo Pumps have a service life greater than 30 years. They can handle the rigorous requirements in ships, being trailer mounted, and any other portable application because there is no flexible coupling that can go out of alignment between the motor and the pump. The alignment of the pump cannot fail, even if dropped or vibrated during transit or operation. This makes the Torpedo Pump a natural fit for mounting on a moving platform, especially when you consider how many industrial facilities shake and vibrate because of the extremely large machines being operated.

Additionally, Torpedo Pumps don't require any scheduled maintenance or lubrication. These pumps are even specifically designed to be rebuilt instead of replaced, which can save you a lot of money if any issues arise.

LOWER OPERATING COSTS

As mentioned above, Torpedo Pumps don't require scheduled maintenance to maintain performance. All pump motors have an efficiency rating. The negative efficiency (%) is the HEAT that is rejected to the surrounding cooling medium. In the case of air-cooled motors, this waste heat is lost to the air. With the T-PUMP, the waste heat is rejected to the surrounding water which, through tempering, raises the efficiency of the RO membranes.

OTHER BENEFITS

They can be mounted horizontally or vertically.
Torpedo Pumps can be easily modified for dewatering through a rifling methos on the enclosure. This is a popular design with our South American customers.
No noise. The water that surrounds the motor attenuates high frequency noise. Much like a submarine that cannot send high frequency radio waves while submerged, only (non-offensive) low frequency noise can be transmitted through water. This is not the case with air-cooled conventional motors, which emit noise that will hurt your eardrums. The very first Torpedo Pump was sold to Hewlett-Packard was sold on the basis of noise suppression.
No baseplate required. The Torpedo Pump can be mounted on conventional pipe saddles, in either the horizontal or vertical positions.
Smaller footprint if you have a height restriction. On larger RO systems, the height dimension is almost always due to the pump height.
No assembly required. Large and tall vertical pumps are typically shipped off the RO skid; that’s a lot of weight in the air with only four bolts attaching the base to the skid.

Have more Questions about Water Pump Systems?

Consulting service from the engineers at MAC Water Technologies can help you find the right solution for your water systems that are not only cost-effective, but efficient and tailored for what you need. Call us today for more information!

How To Reduce Upfront Costs When Designing Wastewater Systems

Mon, 28 Nov 2022 17:00:05 GMT

MAC Water Technologies often consults or Design-Builds Industrial wastewater systems. There are MANY different applications on this topic, however, the same fundamentals show up time and time again. This article will help you learn from other’s mistakes.

The biggest thing is knowing what homework to do. With the right up-font data, the solution will present itself.

Salesmen Verse Engineering Sales

Salesmen wish to sell things and engineering sales wishes to consult the customer so they can make an educated decision. Most wastewater treatment equipment companies are salesmen-based. They know one product really well and how it works in perfect conditions, and you tell them what you want instead of them making recommendations with reasons why. If it doesn’t work the way you expected, it’s your fault. The salesman just took your order. Working with someone who can discuss the pros and cons of equipment is extremely important when it comes to wastewater and being able to make an educated decision. Find someone who understands processes, not just products.

Particle Count Distribution Testing

On many occasions a sediment filter can get installed and become the cause of a lot of problems. A Particle Count Distribution test is less than $400 and is full of valuable information. A Particle Distribution Count test shows how many particles are a specific size. This information allows you to accurately select the correct filtration strategy to implement.

COD and BOD Testing

COD stands for Chemical Oxygen Demand . This test helps measure organic pollutants in water samples to indicate your water quality.

BOD stands for Biochemical Oxygen Demand . This test helps by measuring the chemical oxidation of inorganic matter and the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms.

The difference in the two tests will estimate the amount of inorganic loading in water, which will help point towards what additional testing and/or processing strategies will work best for that specific application.

Dewatering Equipment

Selecting dewatering equipment is now like toothpaste shopping; there’s a LOT to choose from. While Filter Presses do have their useful applications, they are not the immediate go-to anymore. The Particle Count Distribution test is very helpful in selecting equipment and Auto cleaning screen technology has come a long way. The tighter the screen doesn't always equal the better dewatering process. Too tight of a screen will cause the particles to push through because there’s not enough room for the water to go through. And just because the auto strainer is significantly less expensive than most dewatering equipment doesn’t mean it isn't effective. Many customers don't originally select this equipment because it doesn't cost enough to have the perception of being able to work properly. Keep it simple when looking at dewatering equipment.

NEED MORE HELP?

While there are many different things that can be done incorrectly, these are the top four areas we consistently see when mistakes are made. Consulting service by the engineers at MAC Water Technologies can help you save money and make your wastewater systems more efficient.

Selecting Filtration Cartridges

Tue, 04 Oct 2022 16:01:51 GMT

There are SO MANY different filtration cartridges out there. How do you select the right one? Here at MAC Water Technologies, we hope to make the decision easier for you.

There are several filtration cartridges to choose from, and the right one for you depends on your specific needs. If you need to remove large particles from your water, you'll want a cartridge with a large pore size. If you need to remove smaller particles, you'll want a cartridge with a smaller pore size.

Another common issue is buying cheap filtration cartridges that cost companies an incredible amount of money. We all see it; the purchasing department makes a decision to buy a cheaper filter which, in the end, will end up costing more money. Cartridge filter selection is one of the top culprits of inefficient filter systems. So you want to be sure you select the right model for you or your business.

For instance, our engineers may cringe when they see a bag filter or string wound filter in an industrial setting. These cheap filters can end up being very expensive for operating costs and they probably aren’t right for your industrial system. Let’s take a look at the types of filter cartridges so you can see what best fits your water filtering needs.

Types of Filtration Cartridges

Bag Filters

Bag filters look like a bag and if used correctly are mainly used for collecting large solids. The only way to look at these is as a tighter strainer–do not look at these like a sediment filter. Bag filters have the least amount of surface area and the surface area is what does the actual filtering. Also, smaller particles will penetrate the bag making micro holes that turn into larger holes.

String Wound Filters

String wound filters are filters basically made out of string and wound tightly together. These are very inexpensive, however, they do not have much surface area. For the most part, string wound filters are typically good for slimy applications. Slime coats the filter and then it needs to be changed, which is why the cheap cost of string wound filters comes in handy for this use.

If you purchase a more expensive filter for the same type of slimy application, you’ll have to replace it once slime coats the filter like before, but the cost for these uses makes them not worth the money.

Polyspun Filters

Typically your polyspun filter will be a depth-style filter. Depth-style means that the outside has large pores and the inside has smaller pores. While these filters do not have much surface area, they do have the advantage of depth. With the lack of surface area in mind, it is important to use these on low flux applications. Flux is the flow rate per area of the filter. Small particles in a high flux application on polyspun filters will penetrate the filter making micro holes. Just like above with bag filters, these micro holes will end up forming larger holes.

A typical mistake made when using depth filters is that the filter-housing was originally designed for a pleated filter, and the purchasing department replaced the pleated filter with a lower cost polyspun; this happens often on reverse osmosis applications.

An easy way to test to see if your polyspun filter is good for the application is, after it needs replacing, cut the filter in half long-way and see how the filter is loaded. If it is uniform, you have the right poly filter. If it looks clean with a dirty section, try a different style.

Pleated Filters

Pleated filters have the highest amount of surface area and have the highest flux ratings. On basic particle filtration applications, pleated filters will remove 3-5 times more solids than polyspun filters. Therefore, if they are less than 3 times more expensive, they are the lowest operating cost solution. When shopping around, look at surface area differences versus cost differences. Unless there is a unique reason to use a different filter, price compare using surface area.

NEED HELP?

In addition to the above, it is often cost-effective to use multiple filter cartridge styles in a series within your system. The experts at MAC Water Technologies can show you the numbers so you're able to make an educated decision about your filtration needs or other services required.

Common Causes of Sanitation Problems in High Purity Water Systems

Thu, 29 Sep 2022 22:50:00 GMT

MAC Water Technologies will often consult with businesses on how to reduce sanitation problems in high purity water systems. There can be several things causing this issue, and it’s important not to cut corners when it comes to your water system. Each piece of equipment plays an important role in ensuring the cleanliness and safeness of your water. Sometimes it just comes down to understanding how each component works and how to identify these issues.

What is a High Purity Water System?

A high purity water system is a type of filtration system that is designed to remove impurities from water. There are a variety of different types of high purity water systems, but they all share the common goal of providing clean, safe water. However, if there’s something off with any part of your high purity system’s chain of process, it can throw the system’s efficiency off. You need to take care of each component properly.

When a piece of the system is off, one of the most common problems that can occur in your high purity water system is contamination. This can happen when impurities such as dirt, bacteria, or other contaminants enter the system. If these contaminants are not removed, they can cause serious problems for the system, including clogging filters and other equipment. MAC Water can help identify the source of these contamination issues and fix your sanitation problems.

NEED MORE HELP?

Consulting services by the engineers at MAC Water Technologies can unlock the peak potential of your high purity water system. Mac Water Technologies has invested time and energy in creating solutions for clients all over the world. Any project, large or small, our experts can handle it efficiently and within budget. Not only does MAC Water source OEM parts exclusively for your own needs but we also have some of our very own in-house products that change the game in water treatment. Contact MAC Water today for a proper solution for your water or water system!

How To Keep Carbon Beds from Producing Too Much Bacteria?

Mon, 29 Aug 2022 21:33:11 GMT

Carbon beds grow bacteria. Period . That’s what they do! This is the reason why you typically want to install carbon filters last in a series of filters. For example, install carbon water filters AFTER softeners, etc.

Carbon beds can produce too much bacteria if they are not maintained properly. If the carbon bed is not replaced often enough, the bacteria population will start to grow again and can reach levels that are higher than before the carbon bed was installed. However, there are many steps you can take to reduce bacteria growth and keep your carbon filters operating smoothly.

I f you are a food company, pharmaceutical company, and especially if you have TOC level restrictions, this article is for you.

What Are Carbon Beds?

Carbon beds are used in a variety of industries for their specific water treatment needs. They are most commonly used to remove dissolved organic carbon (DOC), taste, and odor from water. Carbon beds can be made from different types of carbon; such as bituminous coal, lignite, wood, coconut shell, and anthracite. The carbon bed must be able to adsorb the target contaminants from the water while allowing the water to flow through at an acceptable rate.

How Do Carbon Beds Work?

Carbon beds work by adsorbing contaminants onto the surface of the carbon particles. The carbon bed must be able to contact all of the water that contains the contaminants. If the carbon bed is unable to contact all of the water, the carbon filter will not be effective or operate like it should. The carbon bed must also be able to flow water through at an acceptable rate. If the carbon bed is too small or does not have enough void space, the water will not be able to flow through properly. When your carbon bed is obstructing flow or can no longer adsorb contaminants from the water it will have to be replaced.

Strategies to Reduce Bacteria

MAC Water Technologies understands that there are many options to help slow and reduce bacteria growth in your carbon filters. Here are a few ways you can help reduce bacteria in those carbon beds:

Ultraviolet Lights/Rays

Ultraviolet (UV) lights are a very effective way to reduce bacteria loading. The idea is if bacteria can’t get to the carbon bed then bacteria can’t grow in a carbon bed. This is a logical maneuver. However, we think putting in UVs AFTER the carbon bed may be a better fit for the money.

Backwash

Make sure the backwash flow rate and time is accurate for your system's application. Drain Line Flow Controls (DLFC) on carbon beds are often selected as a rule-of-thumb versus what the actual water pressure and plumbing situation calls for. Always be sure to double check your set-up or call MAC Water Technologies with any questions.

Steam

Sanitizing your carbon bed with steam is a solution often used on high end applications. While steam cleaning is very effective, it is also more of an old school technique and can be expensive.

Hydroxyl Radicals

During downtime or while in a cleaning cycle, recirculating in backwash with a side pump and injecting Hydroxyl Radicals is not only a very effective way of sanitizing carbon beds, it is also extremely efficient and does not waste any water.

Commonly used Hydroxyl Radicals include:

Ozone
Hydrogen Peroxide + Silver
Chlorine Dioxide
Manganese Greensand
Potassium Permanganate
Aquaox

HAVE QUESTIONS?

MAC Water Technologies has global experience in consulting and integrating alternative cost-effective solutions. We can help you choose the best treatment method for your needs and provide ongoing support to ensure your system operates effectively. Contact MAC Water Technologies today to learn more about our services and solutions.

Methods for Reducing Total Suspended Solids in Wastewater

Fri, 29 Jul 2022 20:23:37 GMT

Total suspended solids (TSS) are a significant concern in wastewater treatment. Too many of these solids can cause many problems, including reduced efficiency in the treatment process, decreased water clarity, oxygen depletion, harboring of harmful bacteria, and clogging of pipes and filter. Having too many solids will also negatively affect your budget in many ways:

You will need more chemicals in your treatment.
Bacteria and biofilm issues love TSS.
Discharge permits often have TSS and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) restrictions with high surcharges.
If your TSS is organic, the TSS directly affects your COD. Therefore, by removing TSS, you will reduce your COD levels.
TSS destroys pumps.
Can clog or significantly reduce the efficiency of heat exchangers.

What are Total Suspended Solids (TSS)?

Total suspended solids (TSS) are small particle pollutants that can be found in wastewater. TSS can come from a variety of sources, including:

Leaves, grass, and sewage
Industrial and manufacturing effluents
Manure and municipal wastewater treatment plants
Runoff from agriculture and urban areas
Stormwater runoff

Strategies For TSS Wastewater Treatment

There are several methods for TSS wastewater treatments. The trick is to determine which one, or combination, is best for your application.

The first test we typically recommended is getting a Particle Distribution Count test. This test shows you the amounts of solids per size. For example, how many particles are 1-micron, 5-micron, 7-micron, 10-mincron, etc. This information allows you to quickly determine which technologies to use, their loading rate, and other information to help make an educated starting point decision.

Physical Separation

This involves screens, sediment filters, depth filtration, and strainers. The balance needed on effectiveness verse budget is determine operating costs. For example, cartridge filters are typically the lowest upfront cost, however, if you then go through a lot of filters your operating costs will be high. There’s typically a relationship between upfront solution costs and operating costs.

On high TSS applications with small particles, depth filtration is often a good solution. Be cautious when using piston type control valves because the piston will rub the solids against the o-rings and spacers, causing high maintenance costs. Rotary valves do not have this problem.

On high TSS applications with large particles, take a look at automatic strainers. This technology has come a long way in recent years.

Chemical Precipitation

This involves using specific chemicals, also called polymers, to cause solids to clump together to form large solids that can be more easily removed. This is also called coagulation and flocculation. When this is typically applied, dewatering bags, filter presses, or auto strainers can be used to remove the solids.

Chemical Precipitation Design Hint: Using the newer auto-strainer products can easily remove the need for large settling basins or clarifiers, and are significantly less expensive.

Biological Treatment

This involves using bacteria and other organisms to break down the solids. Anaerobic and/or aerobic strategies are used. Anaerobic bacteria want no to little Oxygen and aerobic needs Oxygen.

Aerobic Strategy Hint: Adding air with a Venturi or injector is often much more cost effective than blowers.

Anaerobic Strategy Hint : This application almost always produces a biogas. New technologies for taking the biogas through an electric generator are becoming very cost effective. Transform your waste stream into an income stream.

Oxidizing

Oxidizing is the process of using Oxygen to destroy organic TSS, or using Oxygen to cause a chemical reaction that increases the size of the TSS, which makes it easier to remove. Many expensive TSS removal plants have been replaced with an inexpensive Oxidizing agent. Aeration, Ozone, ultraviolet (UV), and Hydroxyl Radical generators are common solutions.

Design Hint: Hydroxyl Radical Generators are very cost effective.

Benefits of TSS Wastewater Treatment

Some of the benefits of reducing total suspended solids (TSS) in wastewater include:

Improved water quality
Reduced risk of contamination
Less clogging and fouling of pipes and other infrastructure
Fewer hazardous sludge deposits
Improved treatment plant performance

How to Determine Whether Your Water System Meets TSS Reduction Requirements

Most water systems are required to meet specific total suspended solids (TSS) reduction levels set by state and federal regulations. You can check with your local water utility or state environmental agency to find out your area's specific TSS reduction requirements.

You can also ask for a copy of your water system's discharge permit, which will list the TSS reduction levels that your system is required to meet. To find out if your water system meets these regulatory requirements, you can request a copy of your water quality report from your local water utility. This report will show the total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in your treated wastewater .

Ways to Prevent TSS from Entering Your Wastewater System

You can also take steps to prevent total suspended solids from entering your wastewater in the first place. Some best practices include:

Regularly cleaning your facility
Reducing the number of pollutants entering the sewer system
Using proper oil and grease disposal methods
Improving sewage treatment and stormwater management
Installing filters or other treatment devices to remove TSS from water

Seek Professional Assistance with TSS Wastewater Treatment

No matter what method you use for TSS wastewater treatment, it's essential to monitor your water quality and make adjustments as needed regularly. Keeping total suspended solids under control can help ensure that your water is safe and clean.

If you are concerned about total suspended solids in your wastewater, contact a professional for help. MAC Water Technologies offers various services to help industries reduce total suspended solids in their wastewater. We can help you choose the best treatment method for your needs and provide ongoing support to ensure your system operates effectively. Contact us today to learn more about our custom water and wastewater solutions.

Why Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Is Here to Stay

Tue, 28 Jun 2022 15:55:07 GMT

Despite covering 71% of the earth's surface, 97% of the world's water supply is unsuitable for human consumption. Worse still, out of the 3% supply of fresh water, only 0.5% is available for human use, with the rest locked in ice caps, glaciers, or lying deep into the earth's crust. The limited supply and the need to safeguard the available supply of freshwater drive the efforts to recover and recycle wastewater across the globe.

The average American household generates up to 100 gallons of wastewater daily . Commercial buildings and institutional facilities consume up to 17% of the public-supplied water in the country . Recycling this wastewater helps safeguard the water supply and protects the environment. Today, the world is increasingly viewing wastewater as a valuable resource, driving the concerted effort to establish sustainable wastewater treatment systems.

Dig in as we explore why sustainable wastewater treatment systems are increasingly becoming a staple.

Matchless Customization

Decentralized wastewater treatment plants are as effective as centralized treatment systems in recycling wastewater. Decentralized systems are flexible, scalable, affordable, and can be established independently. They don't require as much space as centralized systems and can be scaled to meet the needs of small communities. Innovative technology allows engineers to design systems that meet specific water recycling goals. You can treat the wastewater before releasing it into a drain field, recycling it for domestic use, and even drinking it.

Besides the flexible dynamics and scalability, decentralized wastewater systems are more environmentally-friendly. They have lower space and energy requirements. Most decentralized systems include septic tanks at the source, lowering the treatment costs and energy consumption. They're an ideal way to reduce your carbon footprint because they're less dependent on fossil fuel or coal for power.

Potential for Revenue Generation

Traditionally, wastewater treatment is a high-risk and costly process with limited financial returns. Despite playing a crucial role, treatment plant operations highly depend on government subsidies.

Recent breakthroughs are championing the push for sustainable wastewater treatment systems with revenue-generating capabilities. It has the potential to transform wastewater treatment plants into profitable entities while bolstering environmental conservation efforts.

Instead of discharging the treated water into a drain field, treatment plants can put it back into circulation. The water is used in industries, agriculture, or for human consumption. Still, treatment plants can harvest the nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus for agricultural use. They can also convert sewage into graphite and hydrogen for energy production. Wastewater management firms can also supplement their energy production by extracting hydrogen and methanol from municipal solid waste.

Growing Interest in Circular Economy

There's a paradigm shift towards a circular economy as companies and authorities seek to leverage the resultant benefits. Wastewater recycling improves freshwater supply without overexploiting the current supply.

There's a growing interest in sustainable wastewater treatment systems because they align with the circular economy principles. Recycling wastewater allows municipalities in waste scare regions to meet ever-increasing needs without incurring prohibitive costs.

Treating wastewater and feeding it back into the water supply system creates a closed-looped system. It eliminates the costs of sinking boreholes or building additional dams. It creates an additional water source while allowing treatment plants to harvest valuable resources, including nutrients and energy.

Today's technology enables wastewater facilities to recover valuable resources from a previously worthless commodity. Recovering valuable resources, including potable water, nutrients, and biosolids creates financial and economic opportunities.

Generating revenue is key to creating a sustainable water supply and sanitation system. Circular economy principles transform the previously costly service into a sustainable and profitable business venture. The financial returns can cover the cost of operation and maintenance while ensuring a steady water supply. It also holds the potential to attract investors and government funding into the sector.

Sustainable Wastewater Treatment is the Way of the Future

Recycling wastewater creates above-ground fresh water wells that will never run dry. Innovative technology enables large and small wastewater treatment plants to turn wastewater into a valuable resource. Sustainable wastewater systems will continue to attract investors into the previously sidelined sector. Green companies can turn a profit while safeguarding the world's water supply and conserving the environment. For these reasons, we've only begun to scratch the surface regarding wastewater treatment and recycling.

Contact MAC Water for more information on how to get set up.

What Is Detention Time in Water Treatment and How Is It Calculated?

Tue, 26 Apr 2022 17:44:39 GMT

Detention time is an important concept in water treatment. It measures how long water spends in a treatment system and is used to determine the effectiveness of the treatment. It is the amount of time that water spends in a treatment tank, filter, or basin before it is released.

Detention time is important for the required chemical reactions to occur. There are two main types of detention time: contact and flocculation time. Contact time is the amount of time water spends in contact with the adsorbent or filter material. Flocculating time is the amount of time water spends in contact with the flocculant (a chemical used to remove suspended particles from water).

How To Calculate Detention Time in Water Treatment

To calculate detention time , you need to know the flow rate of the water and the bed volume of the treatment system, tank, or basin. The detention time formula is:

Detention Time (min) = Bed Volume of water in system (in gallons) / Flow rate (gallons per minute)

For example, if the flow rate is 2 gallons per minute and the treatment tank or basin volume is 100 gallons, the detention time would be 50 minutes.

An example for filtration contact time is if the flow rate is 2 gallons per minute and the media volume inside a filtration vessel is 100 gallons, the contact time would be 50 minutes. Note, media volume is typically in cubic feet which so watch your units in your calculations.

Another way to calculate detention time is by using the formula: Treatment time (in minutes) multiplied by Flow rate (gallons per minute). This will give you the volume of water treated in a given period.

For example, if you have a treatment time of 5 minutes and a flow rate of 10 gallons per minute, your detention time would be 50 gallons.

Detention time is important because it allows for contact between the water and the chemicals or other treatments being used. This contact is what makes water treatment effective.

It is important to note that detention time is not a static number. It can vary depending on the treatment process and the specific water being treated. For this reason, it is important to consult with a water treatment expert to ensure that your detention time is adequate for your needs; too much detention time can be as harmful as too little.

Considerations When Calculating Detention Time

There are a few things to keep in mind when calculating detention time:

The volume of water in the system includes the tank's volume and the volume of any piping connected to the tank.
You should measure the flow rate at the point where water enters the system.
Detention time can be increased by adding additional treatment tanks in series, adding filtration media, or by increasing the size of the treatment tank.

It's important to note that detention time is not always the same as contact time. Contact time refers to the amount of time a substance, typically referred to as media, is in contact with the water, whereas detention time includes both the contact time and the dwell time (the amount of time that water remains in a tank after treatment).

Important Tips

When calculating detention time, it's important to consider the type of treatment being used. For example, if you're using a chemical treatment , you'll need to consider the contact time (the amount of time the water is in contact with the chemical) and the dwell time (the amount of time the water remains in the tank after treatment).

If you're using a physical treatment, you'll need to consider the contact time (the amount of time the water is in contact with the treatment method); and the retention time (the amount of time the water remains in the tank before it's discharged).

Final Thoughts

Detention time is an important factor because it determines the amount of time water spends in a water treatment system. It is used to measure the efficacy of the treatment, thus ensuring the water is treated properly and meets all safety standards. Now that you know what detention time is and how to calculate it, you can use this information to determine the effectiveness of your water treatment system.

At MAC Water Technologies , we are experts in all aspects of water treatment. We can help you determine the appropriate detention time for your system and ensure that your water meets all safety standards. To learn more about our services, please contact us today.

How To Reduce TDS In Wastewater

Wed, 23 Feb 2022 22:00:04 GMT

Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a measure of all the molecules contained in a liquid; TDS is often synonymous with dissolved solid matter. High levels of TDS may lead to water that appears cloudy and feels slippery, like soap or detergent. As TDS increases, the taste of drinking water may change due to an increasing number of non-nutritional ions dissolved in it. The recommended limit for TDS content in tap water is 500 mg/L (usually expressed as 500 ppm).

The most common source of high total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations in tap water is an underlying aquifer containing significant quantities of minerals which are easily dissolved. This can be naturally occurring or result from anthropogenic activity such as mineral extraction or surface water impoundment behind dams. Dissolved TDS may also come from household or industrial wastewater being discharged directly into waterways, resulting in direct addition of TDS to the receiving stream.

How Do You Reduce TDS In Wastewater?

There are several basic methods used to remove TDS from water: chemical coagulation, reverse osmosis (RO) , demineralization or deionization (DI), and electrodeionization (EDI). Some processes use more than one of these technologies in sequence while some companies have developed proprietary technologies that accomplish both RO and DI simultaneously. Although each technology has its own strengths and weaknesses

In order to determine which method( s) are right for you, there are a few questions you should ask yourself before designing a system.

What Concentration Must My Final Effluent Be?

This is specific to your facility, but it is important to remember that the EPA does have discharge standards . Be aware of these standards and try not to exceed them. If you are planning on discharging water into a public system or well then be aware of their limits too!

What Is The Best Way Of Reducing TDS In My Wastewater?

It is important to recognize, ion exchange, which typically uses sodium as a solvent, does not reduce TDS, hence the term “exchange”. These systems exchange one part of one ion for another part of a different ion which does not reduce ions.

By reducing the total dissolved solids you will also be reducing your filtration costs and optimizing treatment chemicals. Ions such as calcium, magnesium and iron are typically what cause scaling on heat exchangers and pumps, so a reduction or removing by “exchanging” less corrosive ions can have a significant impact on the life of your equipment.

How Does Reverse Osmosis Work?

In general, membrane filtration processes such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are often used for treating water and wastewater where TDS concentrations need to be less than 50 ppm (mg/L). It is only with the use of these technologies that it is possible to reduce total dissolved solids from wastewater below 10 - 20 ppm (mg/L).

Reverse osmosis, or just RO purification, is a process that uses pressure to force pure water through a special organic membrane only allowing H2O to penetrate, which filters out particles and contaminants that make the water less safe for consumption. Basically, one side of the membrane is pure water and the other side of the membrane has all of the dissolved solids, separating impurities from the water source to purify the end result.

What Are Some Advanced Methods Of Filtration?

Chemical Coagulation

Chemical coagulation is typical in wastewater applications . Basically, chemicals remove the dissolved ions into particles that can be filtered out which lowers the total dissolved solids count. Ions bond to each other chemically and form molecules such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (NaCO), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)), and calcium carbonate (CaO). These substances are removed with the sediment filters.

Demineralization or Deionization (DI)

This is another type of waste treatment that removes ions from drinking or wastewater. There is no membrane in DI, but rather used special resin beads that have an ionic charge on them. Ions in the water attach themselves to the resin and are removed from the water via this ionic charge.

Electrodeionization (EDI)

Chemical-free deionization methods use electricity to constantly clean the ions off the resin beads described above. The concept is the electrical field clears the ions off the resin beads at the same rate as the resin beads attract and remove the ions from the water. This method requires electricity to function; however, chemical-free deionization is more environmentally friendly than chemical means .

Reduce Your Impact and Call A Professional

The experts at MAC Water Technologie s are ready to help your business create less of an impact on the planet. Call today to get help with all of your high purity and wastewater needs!

What Are The Differences Between a Normal Filter And Reverse Osmosis?

Thu, 20 Jan 2022 19:15:56 GMT

There are many different types of filters, so it is hard to provide a complete answer. However, the main difference between normal filters and reverse osmosis is that normal filters use physical material to clean the water while reverse osmosis uses chemical reactions to clean the water.

What Is Included In A Standard Water Filter?

To start off, a normal water filter usually has activated carbon (or charcoal), which is used to remove odors and tastes. Activated carbon is made of coal, bone char, or coconut shells that are heated until they develop lots of internal spaces or pores. Then chemicals like resins or zeolites are added to the activated charcoal to increase its surface area even more. These particles will physically trap impurities as the water passes through them.

Finally, micro membranes can be attached at the end to catch very small contaminants like bacteria and lead contamination. Other types of filters might use UV light instead of filtration for example distillation.

What Are the Advantages of Reverse Osmosis?

Reverse Osmosis has several distinct advantages over traditional sieving methods. Some of these include: greater efficiency at removing impurities due to more contact area with membrane surface, takes up less space on your countertop or sink compared to separate faucets for filtered water and unfiltered water, and produced water is free from odors and chlorine tastes/smells.

Reverse Osmosis has been shown to be an effective purification method in the laboratory , but it does have its drawbacks. The membranes used in Reverse Osmosis tend to clog over time, and that requires a great deal of maintenance. In addition, the typical Reverse Osmosis membrane filters out beneficial minerals such as calcium and magnesium, so you will need to add those back into your tap water after treatment with a home mineral station or a separate filtration system.

What Are the Disadvantages of Reverse Osmosis?

Reverse osmosis is a cost-effective method of water purification , but it has several disadvantages. The system is only suitable for treating small amounts of water and must be used with other purification systems such as activated carbon treatment to ensure complete removal of contaminants. As such, RO systems are usually quite large and require significant storage capacity. This can be prohibitively expensive in places that need high volumes of purified water such as hospitals or remote communities. Reverse Osmosis is also relatively slow and requires more time than conventional filters (15 minutes per liter versus 5 minutes per liter).

Why Do We Need Filtered Water?

Filtered water is what we most commonly call "clean" or "fresh" water. Although it may seem that any kind of water is clean enough to drink, this isn't actually the case. Water can pick up a lot of unwanted things on its way to our homes and offices: chemicals like chlorine and fluoride (which help keep it clean), metals like copper and lead (which come from old plumbing systems), bacteria (both good and bad) and more. So we want some filtered water in our lives – but not too much – because too much bottled water will waste precious resources.

Of course, even though it's called filtered or fresh "water", all kinds of other things are found dissolved in it as well, including minerals like calcium and magnesium (which give us energy, among other things), small amounts of salt (to help our cells function) and more.

Having the right amount of these dissolved solids is usually not a problem – it's when they get too high or low that we start to worry. Why? Because some minerals are helpful, while others can be toxic (poisonous). The best example here is the mineral called sodium: One good thing about it is that it helps our nerves send signals, but too much sodium makes us feel bloated and sick.

Professionals At MAC Water

Mac Water Technologies has invested time and energy in creating solutions for clients all over the world. Any project, large or small, our experts can handle it efficiently and within budget. Not only does MAC Water source OEM parts exclusively for your own needs but they also have some of their very own in house products that change the game in water treatment. Contact MAC Water today for a proper solution for your water!

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Kansas Department Of Commerce Spotlight

Fun Facts About MAC Water

We have consulted with executive legislators and leaders in more than 20 countries!

Our combined domestic and international sales have grown by 330% in the last year!

Our office dog is named Rocko! His official title with the company is Cleanup Specialist.

Interested In Working With MAC Water?

What Causes High BOD in Wastewater?

Understanding BOD

Factors Influencing High BOD Levels

Common Sources of High BOD in Wastewater

Conclusion

Does Reverse Osmosis Remove Chlorine?

Understanding Reverse Osmosis

Call MAC Water For Filtration Services & Membranes

What is Defoamer used for and how does it Work?

Understanding the Challenges of Foam in Wastewater Treatment

How Do Defoamers Work?

Common Applications of Defoamers

Wastewater Treatment Plants

Industrial Processes

Food and Beverage Production

Paper and Pulp Industry

Cooling Towers

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Understanding Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Digestion Wastewater Treatment

So, What's The Difference?

AEROBIC

ANAEROBIC

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What Is Sludge Dewatering?

Understanding The Sludge Dewatering Process

Common Dewatering Equipment

Filter Press

Belt Press

Screw Press

Automatic Strainer

Dewatering Bags

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What are the Advantages of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment

What is Decentralized Wastewater Treatment?

Advantages the Decentralized Waste Water Treatment Plants

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Understanding Granular Activated Carbon Water Filters

What Is Activated Carbon?

What Is Activated Carbon Made Of?

Adsorption Rate

Hardness Number

Particle Size

Reactivation ﻿

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Get Familiar with our MACU-Trac Cooling Tower Chemical Controller

WHERE THE TECHNOLOGY CAME FROM

WHEN TO BE CAUTIOUS

Why The MACU-Trac Stands Out

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When to Upgrade Your RO System’s Pump to a Torpedo Pump

Why Upgrade to a Torpedo Pump

RELIABILITY

LOWER OPERATING COSTS ﻿

OTHER BENEFITS ﻿

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How To Reduce Upfront Costs When Designing Wastewater Systems

Salesmen Verse Engineering Sales

Particle Count Distribution Testing

COD and BOD Testing

Dewatering Equipment

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Selecting Filtration Cartridges

Types of Filtration Cartridges

Bag Filters

String Wound Filters ﻿

Polyspun Filters

Pleated Filters

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Common Causes of Sanitation Problems in High Purity Water Systems

What is a High Purity Water System?

Top Causes of Sanitation Problems

UV System Issues

Polishing Filters

Reactivation

LOWER OPERATING COSTS

OTHER BENEFITS

String Wound Filters

What Are Carbon Beds?

Oxidizing

How to Determine Whether Your Water System Meets TSS Reduction Requirements

Ways to Prevent TSS from Entering Your Wastewater System